<oj;J tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp

fp.K. %d;whk;; Ehw;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; <oj;jpw;Fg; ngsj;j kjk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg; gl;lNjhL mk;kjk; rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fisf; Nfhitg;gLj;jp itf;Fk; kuG mDuhjg;Gwj;jpYs;s gpujhd tpfhiufspNy Njhd;wp tsuyhapw;W. ngsj;jk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; mur kjkhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j];Jk; mjdhy; mjw;F fpilj;j tha;g;Gk; trjpfSk; ehL> kjk>; kf;fs; Mfpatw;iw xNu tl;lj;jpDl; Roy itj;jJ. ,jdhw; ngsj;j kjj;jpd; tuyhw;NwhL mjidj; jOtpa ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fshfpa rpq;fs kf;;fspdJk; ,e;ehl;bdJk; tuyhW xd;whf ,izj;Jf; Nfhitg;;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,j;jifa fUT+yq;fisf;nfhz;Nl ,d;W ,e;ehl;bd; tuyhw;iwf;; $Wk; jPgtk;;rk;> kfhtk;rk>;; #stk;rk;; Nghd;w ghspEhy;;fs; vOjg;gl;ld. fp.gp.4Mk; Ehw;;whz;lstpy; jPgtk;rKk>; fp.gp.6Mk; Ehw;whz;lstpy; kfhtk;rKk;> mjd; gpd;dh; #stk;rKk; vOjg;gl;ld.

kfhtk;rk; vOe;j fhyj;jpNy jkpofj;jpy; ehad;khh;fSk; Mo;thh;fSk; Vw;gLj;jpa fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rpahw; ngsj;jk; mq;F jsh;e;jJ; rq;fuhpd; rkag; gpurhuj;jpdhy; ,e;jpahtpNy ngsj;jk; rPuope;jJ ehad;khh;fs; Vw;gLj;jpa fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rp kj hPjpapYk; ,dhPjpapYk; <oj;J kf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd Nghf;fpw; nry;y toptFj;jJ. ,f;;fhyfl;;lj;jpNy rpq;fs nkhopiag; NgRNthh; ngsj;jh;fshfTk;> jkpo; nkhopiag; NgRNthh; ,e;Jf;fshfTk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ldh;. mj;Jld; ,f;;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpw; ngsj;jk; rPuope;jJk;> <oj;jpd;; kPJ jkpo;ehl;bypUe;J gil vLg;Gf;fs; epfo;;e;jJk>; ngsj;j jh;kNk (jh;kjPgk;) <oj;jpd; cz;ikahd newp vdTk;; ,jidg; ghJfhg;gJ rpq;fs kf;fsJ flik vd;w czh;Tk; Nkw;$wpa kfhtk;;rk;> #stk;;rk; Nghd;;w Ehy;fspd; %yk; tsh;f;fg;gl;ld.

mj;Jld; ,e;Ehy;fs;; fUT+yq;fs;> ehl;bd; gpujhd jiyefh;;fshfpa mEuhjGuk; nghydWit Nghd;w ,lq;fspw; fhzg;gl;l tpfhiufspw; ngwg;gl;ljhy; ehl;bdJ tuyhW ,j;jiyefh;fis ikag;gLj;jp tiuag;gl;l tuyhwhf ,tw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gJ Mr;rhpaj;jpw;Fhpa tplak; md;W ,jdhy; ,e;Ehy;fspd; Jiznfhz;L tlgFjp tuyhw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tJ ntF rpukkhfNt cs;sJ. vdpDk; ,g;gFjpapy; ehfhpff; fl;likg;Gk; murtpaf;fKk; ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfisg;Nghyf; fpwp];;jhg;jj;jpw;F Ke;jpa gy Ehw;;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu fhzg;gl;lij ,g;ghsp Ehy;fspw; fhzg;gLk; ehfjPgk; gw;wpa IjPfq;fs; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. 

aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaKk; mjd; tuyhw;Wg; gq;fspg;Gk;

nghydWit murpd; tPo;r;rpiaj; njhlh;e;j fp.gp.13Mk; Ehw;whz;bd;; eLg;gFjp <oj;J tuyhw;wpy;; xU jpUg;G KidahdJ. ,f;fhyj;jpw; nghydWit muR tPo;r;rpaile;jNjhL rpq;;fs uhrjhdpfs; ghJfhg;Gf;fhfj; jk;gNjdpah> ahg;g$t> FUehfy>; fk;;gis> fz;b> Nfhl;il Nghd;;w ,;lq;fis Nehf;fp efu> tlgFjpapw;; rpq;ifefiu ikakhf itj;J Mhpar; rf;futh;j;jpfspd; jiyikapNy Njhd;wpa aho;g;ghz muR <w;;wpw; Nghh; Kidapw; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfauhw; fp.gp. 1619 ,y; tPo;r;rpAWk;tiu xU nry;thf;Fs;s murhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. ,t;tuirf; fp.gp. 1450 - 1467 Mfpa fhyg;gFjpiaf; nfhz;l gjpNdO tUlq;;fs; khj;jpuk; Nfhl;il muR Ml;rp nra;jJ. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpidj; jtpu Vida fhy fl;lq;fspy; ,t;tuR Rje;jpukhf ,aq;fpaNjhL fp.gp. 14Mk; Ehw;whz;by; <oj;jpYs;s kpfg; gyk;tha;e;j murhfTk; fhzg;gl;lijf;$Wk; Nf.vk;.B.rpy;th> ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; Nkw;Nf Gj;jsg; gFjp tiug; gue;J <ok; KOtijAk; jdf;F fPo;f; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fhpa tha;g;gpid ,J ngw;wpUe;j epiyapNy njd;dpe;jpa tp[aefug; Nguurpd; jiyaPL ,j;jifa tha;g;;igj;; jLj;jJ vdTk; $wpAs;;shh;. ,j;Jld; ,j;jifa epiyahdJ njw;Nf ,t;tuR jdJ nry;thf;ifg; gug;Gtjw;Fg;; gjpyhf tlf;NfNa ,Ue;J njd;dpe;;jpa jiyaPl;Lf;Fs;;shFk; epiyiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

fp.gp. 14Mk;; Ehw;;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; aho;g;ghz murpd; Nkyhiz njd;dpyq;if muRfspd; kPJ fpl;lj;jl;l xd;wiwj; jrhg;jq;;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ NghyNt Nfhl;il murpd;; NkyhizAk; fp.gp.15Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; 17 tUlq;fs; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; epiyj;jpUe;Jk; tuyhwhFk;. vdpDk; Nfhl;il murpd; aho;g;ghzj;jiyaPL mjd; tuyhw;wpy; vj;jifa nghpa khw;;wj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. Mdhy;; aho;g;ghz murpd; njd;dpyq;if kPjhd Nkyhiz njd;Nkw;Nf jkpo;; td;dpikfs; Gj;js khtl;lj;jpNy jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij NkYk; ];jpug;gLj;j cjtpaNjhL ,g;gFjpapNy jkpohpd; nry;thf;Fj;; njhlh;e;J Ngzg;glTk; toptFj;jJ. ,jidg; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfa lr;;Rf;fhu Mtzq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Nghh;j;Jf;Nfa tuyhw;whrphpauhd FNtNwh]; rpyhgk;tiu ,t;;tuR xU fhyfl;lj;jpw; gue;;jpUe;jJ vdf;$w Nghh;j;Jf;Nfahplk; 1658 ,y; Ml;rpg;nghWg;ig Vw;w lr;Rf;fhu Mtzq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Nghh;j;Jf;Nfa lr;Rf;fhuj;Njrhjpgjpahfpa thd;$td;]; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. aho;g;ghz muirg; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; rpijj;jhYk; mJ Vw;gLj;jpa jkpo;g;;ghuk;ghpaj;jpidAk; jdpj;Jtj;jpidAk; mth;fshy; rpijf;f Kbatpy;iy vd;gij lr;Rf;fhuh; Ml;rpapy; (fp.gp. 1658 - 1796) Kjy; Kjyhfj; Njrhjpgjpahf epakdk; ngw;w thd;$td;]pd; gpd;tUk; $w;W cWjp nra;fpwJ.

gioa kyghh; (jkpo;) uhrhf;fs; Mjpf;fk; gue;jpUe;jNjhL Gj;jsk; fw;gpl;bapd;; eLg;gFjpf;Fk; mJ gue;J ,Ue;jJ. mJ NkYk; njw;F Nehf;fp tphpthf;fg;gl;L ePh;nfhOk;G tiu <oj;jpd; Nkw;Ff;fiuNahuk; mth;;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;jJ. fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; ghzik tiuf;Fk; Fk;Gf;fd; XahtpYk; mJ gue;jpUe;jJ. ,d;Wq; $l tof;fkhf kyghhpnkhopNa ,q;F Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ.

thd;$td;]; Njrhjpgjpapd; $w;W tlf;Nf ,Ue;j aho;g;ghz muR> mlq;fhg;gw;W td;dpikfs;>jpU Nfhl;il fz;baurh;fshNyh md;wpg;gpd;te;j Nghj;Jf;Nfa my;yJ lr;Rf;fhuuhNyh mlf;fp mopf;f Kbatpy;iy. filrpr; rpq;fs murpd;; vr;rkhfpa fz;b muR vt;thW gphpj;jhdpauhy; mth;fspd; Mizf;Fl;gl;lNjh mt;thNw aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; murpd;; vr;rkhf tpsq;fpa td;dp ehLk; Mq;fpNyauhy; mth;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl; nfhz;L . vdpDk; <oj;jpd; fpof;Ff; fiuapYk; Nkw;Ff;fiuapYk; ,Ue;j jkpo; td;dpikfspd; epiy ,jpypUe;J NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;lJ. aho;g;ghz murpd; rpijNthL td;dpikfs; Kjypw; Nfhl;il murpd; Nkyhd;ikiaAk; gpd;dh; fz;b murpd; Nkyhd;ikiaAk; Vw;Fk; epiyf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; jkpo;g; ghuk;hupaj;jpid mit Ngzpaij ,f;fhyj;jpw; fpof;fpyq;ifapw; fpilj;Js;s jkpo;r; rhrdq;fSk; Gj;js td;dpikfs; gw;wpa nrg;NgLfSk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,jdhw; NghYk; lr;Rf;fhuh; jkJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,tw;iwj; jdpkhtl;lq;fshfg; gphpj;jdh;. ,tw;Wl; Gj;jsk; aho;g;ghzk; (jw;;fhy tlkhfhzg;; gFjp) jpUNfhzkiy kl;lf;fsg;G Mfpad mlq;Fk;.

,t;thW ,k; khtl;lq;fs; jdpj;Jtkhf mike;jpUe;jhYk; $l ,d;iwa tlfpof;F khfhzj;jpyike;j Nkw;$wpa aho;g;ghzk; jpUf;Nfhzkiy kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lq;fs; Mfpad ePjp epUthfj;jpidg; nghWj;j kl;bNy jkJ jiyikafj;jpid aho;g;ghzj;jpNyNa nfhz;bUe;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

aho;g;ghz efuk; Nfhl;ilg;gFjpia mz;bg;; Nghj;Jf;;NfauhYk;; gpd;;dh; te;j lr;Rf;fhuuhYk; tp];jhpf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; ey;Yhh; ,f;;fhyg;gFjpapYk; jdJ Kf;fpaj;;Jtj;jpid Kw;whf ,oe;Jtpltpy;iy. ey;Yhiuf; ifg;;gw;wpa Nghj;Jf;NfaUk; rpy fhyk; epUthf ikakhf ey;Yhiuf; nfhz;lgpd;dh;jhd; jw;fhy aho;g;ghz efug;; gFjpiaf; Nfhl;ilia mz;b epUkhdpj;jdh;. (glk-50). lr;Rf;fhuh; fhyj;jpYk;;$l lr;R epUthfpfspd; thr];jyq;;fs; cl;glg;; gy fl;blq;fs; ey;YhhpypUe;jd. ,tw;Ws; lr;Rf;fhuhpdhy; aKdh Vhpf;;;fUfhikapy; mikf;fg;ngw;w RNjr cah;fy;tp epiyaKk; (seninary) xd;whFk;. (glk;-51). 1976 ,y; lr;Rf;fhuhplk; ,Ue;J <oj;jpidg; nghWg;Ngw;w Mq;fpNyah; <oj;jpid 1833 ,y; epUthf trjpf;fhf Ie;J khfhzq;fshfg; gphpj;jhYk; tlkhfhzk; fpof;F khfhzk; Mfpad ,d;wpUf;;Fk; epiyiag; 19 Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapw; (1873 ,y; ) ngw Kd;dh; mstpw; nghpa gpuNjrj;jpid cs;slf;fpNa fhzg;gl;ld. tlgFjpapd; jiyefuhf nfhOk;Gf;F mLj;j efukhf aho;g;ghzk; Mq;fpNyauhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. tlkj;jpa khfhzj;jpd jiyefuhf mDuhjGuk; vOr;rp ngw;whYk; $l mjid tpl tl gFjpf;Fhpa Kf;fpa mYtyfq;;fs; fhzg;gl;l ,lkhf ,J fhzg;gl;likAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. aho;g;ghz muR kiwe;jhYk; mjd; Neub Ml;rpf;Fk; Nkyhz;ikf;Fk; cl;gl;l tl gFjpapd;; vr;rnrhr;rkhf ,d;iwa tl khfhzk; tpsq;FfpwJ vd;W $Wjy; kpifahfhJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp aho;g;ghz murpd;; murpaw; ghuk;ghpaj;jhYk; ,g;gFjpf;Ff; fpilj;j trjpfshYk; <oj;jkpoiu aho;g;ghzj; jkpoNuhL ,izj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk; kuG Njhd;wp tsh;;e;jJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Nghh;j;Jf;Nfahpd; tuT aho;g;ghz murpd; Rje;jpuj;jpid kl;Lk; rpijf;ftpy;iy. gy;NtW mhpa Vl;Lr; Rtbfs; Nrfhpj;J itf;fg;gl;l ey;YhhpypUe;j Gfo; G+j;j Ehy; epiyakhfpa ru];tjpkfhiyAk; mopj;jJ. Nghh;j;Jf;Nfahpd; ,j;jifa eltbf;iffisNa ,e;jpahtpy; K];ypk; gil vLg;ghsUk; rpy Ehw;whz;Lfl;F Kd;;dh; filg;gpbj;jdh;. mj;Jld; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; ,t;turpd; njhy;ypay; vr;;rq;fisAk;; mbNahL mopj;J tpl;ldh;. ,t;tuR fhyfl;lq;fspy; mur epUthf ikag; gpuNjrq;;fs; topghl;blq;;fs; Mfpad gpujhdkhFk;. ,it ngUk;;ghYk; nrq;;fy; Rz;zhk;G Rz;zf;fy;; Mfpadtw;iw gad;gLj;jpNa fl;lg;gl;bUe;jd. fUq;fw;;fis td;;dpg;;gFjpapypUe;Nj vLj;J tu Ntz;bapUe;jjhy; ,jd; gad;ghL Fiwe;Nj fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhw; rpq;;fs muRfspd; jiyefh;fs; mg;gFjpapw;; fpilj;j fUq;;fw;fisg; ;gad;;gLj;jp mikf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W aho;g;ghz muRf;Fhpa fl;blq;fs; Mf;;fg;gltpy;iy. aho;;g;ghz murMjpf;fj;jpidg; nghWg;Ngw;w Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah;> jkJ tjptplq;fs>;; Nfhl;il nfhj;jsq;fs>; topg;ghl;blq;fs; Mfpadtw;iw mikf;f ,t;turpd; fl;blq;;fis mopj;J mtw;wpid %yg;nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jpNa mtw;iw fl;bf;nfhz;ldh;. ,th;fs; cUthf;fpa ,f;fl;blq;fspw; gy njhy;ypaw;; rpd;;dq;;fSk; mfg;gl;ld. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jtdthf aho;g;ghzg; gpujhdtPjpapYs;s fil xd;wpw;; fpilj;j MwhtJ guhf;fpukghFtpd;; jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lk; Nfhl;ilapw; fpilj;j Nrhog;Nguurdhd KjyhtJ ,uhN[e;jpudJ fy;;ntl;Lk; jf;f rhd;Wfshf cs;sd.

fl;blq;;fs>;; rpw;;gq;fs; Nghd;wd ,t;thW rpijf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;Fhpa aho;g;ghz murhpd;; ehzaq;fis ,th;fshw; rpijf;fKbatpy;iy. mit ,d;Wk; ,t;turpd; rpd;dq;;;fs; mopf;fg;gLtjw;Fg; Nghj;Jf;NfaNuh md;;wp lr;;Rf;;fhuNuh kl;Lk; fhuzuy;yh;. ,g; gFjpapw; fl;blq;;fisf; fl;Ltjw;Fhpa %yg;nghUl;fs; njd;gFjpiag;Nghd;W tputpf; fhzg;glhikAk; njd;gFjp Nghyd;wp kf;fs; njhlh;e;Jk; aho;g;ghz muR kiwe;Jk; $l mg;gFjpapNy tho;e;jikAk; njhy;ypaw;rpd;dq;fiisg; ghJfhg;gjpw;; fhprid mw;wth;fsha>; ,tw;iw mopf;Fk; gzpf;F cjTgth;fsha; kf;fs; tpsq;fpaikAk; ,tw;wpd;; mopTf;fhd fhuzq;fs;; vdyhk;. mjp\;ltrkhf rpq;fsj; jiyefh;;;fspw; Nfhl;ilg;;; gpuNjrk; kl;LNk Nghj;Jf;;Nfah;> lr;Rf;fhuh; Mizia Vw;wJ. Vidait iftplg;gl;l epiyapw; fhllh;;e;;j gpuNjrq;fshf khwpajhw; ghJfhf;fg;gl;ld. gpd;dh; fyhrhur; rpd;dq;;fisg; ghJg;gjpy; mf;fiw nfhz;l Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rp cjakhdJk; ,tw;wpd; kfpik ntspf;nfhzug;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,t;thwpd;;wp aho;g;ghz murpd; vr;rnrhr;rkhf ,d;W Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhy;ypaw; rpd;dq;fs; kpfkpf mhpjhf ,Ug;gJ tprdj;Jf;Fhpa tplakhFk;.

lr;Rf;fhuhplkpUe;J <oj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf; fpl;lj;jl;l xd;wiu Ehw;whz;L fhyk; (fp.gp.1796 - 1947) tiu Ml;rp nra;j Mq;fpNyah; fhyk; <oj;Jf; fyhrhu tsh;r;rpapy; (,th;fSf;F Kd;G ,q;F Ml;rp nra;;j Nghh;j;Jf;;Nfah; lr;Rf;fhuh;; Nghyd;wp) xU jpUg;GKidahfpaJ. ,q;F Ml;rpg;nghWg;ig Vw;w Mq;fpy epUthfpfs; gpw cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; gilj;jsgjpfs; MfpNahh; jhk; flikapyPLgl;l rkaj;jpy; jhk; fz;l <oj;jpd; njhy;ypaw; rpd;dq;;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis ntspf;; nfhzh;e;jjd; %yk; <oj;Jf; fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ldh;. ,j;jifa eltbf;iffspd; Xh; mk;rkhf <oj;jpw; ghsp Nghd;w nkhopfisf; fw;gjpYk; mf;fiw fhl;lg;gl;lJ. ,jd;; tpisthf Nuzh; vd;;gtuhy; 1834 ,y; kfhtk;rk; Mq;;fpy nkhopapy; nkhop ngah;;f;;fg;;gl;lJ. 1845 ,y;; Nwhay;; Mrpa rq;fk; mikf;fg;gl;L <oj;Jf; fyhrhuk; gw;wpa Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;s top tFf;fg;gl;lJ.

Jujp\;ltrkhf ,j;jifa epiy tlgFjpapw; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,q;F fhzg;gl;l njhy;ypaw;; rpd;;dq;;fs; gy rpijf;fg;gl;ljhy; Mq;fpNyaiug; ngUksTf;F ,g;gFjp <h;f;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld; ghsp rpq;fs nkhopfisf; fw;gjpy; ,th;fs; fhl;ba mf;fiwiag; Nghy jkpo; nkhopiaf; fw;gjpNyh md;;wp mjpYs;s gioa VLfisj; Njbg;Ngzp ntspapLtjpNyh ,th;;fs; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e; epajpf;F tpjp tpyf;fhf mike;;jth;; Nrh; mnyf;;rhz;lh; N[hd;rd; vd;w ePjpgjpahth;. ,th; jkJ Ma;tpd;;; %ykhfj; jkpohpd; ghuk;ghpa rl;l tof;Ffs; gw;wp vOjpr; nrd;Ws;shh;. ,tiuj; jtpu ,g;gFjp gw;wpr; Rl;bf;fhl;LksTf;F 19 Mk; Ehw;whz;bw; gpuRukhd ,U ntspaPLfNs mikfpd;;wd. ,it KiwNa ,e; Ehw;;whz;bd; ,Wjpf;; fl;lj;jpy; kd;dhh; gw;wpa Nghf;fpdhy; vOjg;gl;l fl;LiuAk; td;dp khtl;lk; gw;wp Yhrpapdhy; vOjg;gl;l EhYkhFk;. Mq;;fpy epUthfpfspd; gq;;fspg;G mUfpf; fhzg;gl;l fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,q;F te;j mnkhpf;f INuhg;gpa kj FUkhUq;$l jkJ rka eltbf;iffspy;; mjpf ftdQ; nrYj;jpdhh;fNs jtpu ,g;gFjpapd; tuyhW gw;wpa gioa Vl;Lr;Rtbfis Njbg;ghJfhg;gjpy; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy. mj;Jld; jhk; flikahw;wpa r%fj;jpd; epiy gw;wpAk; mjd; gof;ftof;fq;fs;gw;wpAk;; $l tphpthd Fwpg;Gfis tpl;Lr; nry;ytpy;iy. ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapw;whd;; tlgFjp tuyhw;iw mZf Ntz;bAs;sJ.

aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaKk; tuyhw;W kuGk;

rpq;fs murpd; rpd;dq;;fs; ngUksTf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; jkpourpd; rpd;dq;fs; (mjhtJ ,w;iwf;F ehd;F Ehw;;whz;Lf;F Kd;dh; rpijf;;fg;gl;l murpd; rpd;dq;;fs;) rpije;J fhzg;gLtjw;Fk; ,U gFjp kf;fsplKk; fhzg;gl;l NtWgl;l tuyhw;Wzh;Tfs; fhuzkh my;yJ NtWgl;l tuyhw;W kuGg;; ghuk;ghpak; fhuzkh vd;W rpe;jpf;f itf;fpwJ. ngsj;j kjj;jpy; mjd; tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfisg; Ngzpf;Nfhitg;gLj;Jk; kugpidg;Nghd;w njhd;W ,e;Jf;fs; kj;jpapy; <oj;jpNyh md;wp ,e;jpahtpNyh fhzg;gltpy;iy. aho;g;ghz muR Njhd;w Kd;dh; $l ,j;jifa kuG xd;W ,g;gFjpapy; tsh;e;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;Nw njhpfpwJ. Vnddpy>; ,f;fhyj;jpw;Fhpa tuyhw;W epfo;;r;rpfshfj; njhlh;r;rpahd epfo;r;rpf; Nfhitfs; ,d;wp xU rpy jdp egh;;fis ikakhf itj;Jr; rpy fijfs; kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa thpirapNyNa cf;fpurpq;;fd; fij> khUjg;Guty;yp fij> aho;g;ghb fij> ghz;bkotd; fij Mfpad mlq;Ffpd;wd. rpq;;fs muRfs; gw;wpg;; ghspEhy;fs; jUk; rhd;Wfis ,f;fhyg;gFjpahfpa fpl;lj;jl;l gjpide;J Ehw;whz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ ,UgFjpapYk; fhzg;gl;l tuyhw;W kuGfSf;F NtnwhU rhd;WfisAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L;k; mtrpakpy;iy.

fp.gp. 13 Mk; Ehw;;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; rpq;if efh; muR Njhw;wKd;dh; tlgFjpapNy jkpo; kf;fNsh md;wp mth;fSf;Fhpa murikg;;Ngh ,g;gFjpapw; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gNj rpq;;fs tuyhw;whrphpah;fs;; gyhpd; nghJthd fUj;jhFk;. ,J gw;wpg; guztpj;jhdh 1961,Ny gpuRhpj;j tlgFjpapYs;s Mhpa muR vd;;w fl;Liuapy; thjplTk; jtwtpy;iy. tlgFjpia tuyhw;Wg;gpd;dzpapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ Mhpar; rf;futh;j;;jpfshw; rpq;ifefhpy; mikf;fg;gl;l ,e;Ehypd; fUg;nghUshf mike;Js;s muR njd;gFjpapd; tuyhw;wpw;; gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspw; Fwpg;gpl;l jiyefiu ikakhff; nfhz;l xU murpidg;Nghd;Nw ,q;Fk; epiy nfhz;bUe;jJ

vdf; nfhs;syhk;. ,jw;F Kd;Ds;s fhyg;gFjp tuyhw;iw ,yf;fpar; rhd;;whjhuq;;fs; mUfpf; fhzg;gLk; epiyapw; ngUksTf;Fj; njhy;ypaw; rhd;whjhuq;;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa Muha Ntz;bAs;sJ.

njhy;ypaw; rhd;Wfspd; jhh;g;ghpaj;ij - Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij - Nrh; Nghy; gPhp];; ,uhrehaf Kjypahh; MfpNahh; njhl;Lf;fhl;l uFgjpapdhy; aho;g;ghzf; Flh ehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nkyha;T ed;F cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. td;dpg;gFjpapYk; jpl;lkpl;l njhy;ypay;; Ma;T ey;y gyidj;; jUk; vd;gijg; G+efhpapw; fpilj;j njhy;ypaw; rhd;Wfs; cWjp nra;Js;sd. vt;thwhapDk; aho;g;ghz muR fhyj;jpyhtJ tl gFjpapy; tuyhw;iwf; Nfhitg;gLj;Jk; kunghd;W fhzg;gl;lnjd;W XusTf;F Cfpf;fyhk;.

aho;g;ghz tuyhw;iwf;$Wk; aho;g;ghz itgtkhiy $l ,q;F flikahw;wpa lr;Rf;fhu epUthfpahfpa Nkf;fWhdpd; (fp.gp. 1739) Mizg;gbNa njhFf;fg;gl;lij ,e;Ehypd; rpwg;Gg;ghapuk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,e;EhYf;F cWJizahf ,Ue;j ifyhakhiy> itahghly; guuhrNrfud; cyh> ,uhrKiw MfpaitAk; ,jd; rpwg;Gg;ghapuj;jpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ifyhakhiy ey;Yhh;; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf; $WtdthFk;. ,tw;Wl; ifyhakhiy fp.gp. 17Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapYk; itahghly; fp.gp. 16Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapYk; njhFf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;nkdTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;Ehy;fis tpl aho;g;ghz murhpd; gl;baiyj; jUk; Ehyhf aho;g;ghz itgtkhiy xd;Nw fhzg;gLtJ mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fJ. mjid Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,e;;Ehyhrphpah; $Wk; guuhrNrfud; cyh ,uhrKiw Mfpad jw;NghJ fpilf;fh tpl;lhYq;$l murhl;rp kuG gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,tw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd vd;Wk; ,j;jifa kuG aho;g;ghz muR fhyj;jpw; fhzg;gl;lnjd;Wk; Cfpf;fyhk;. ,jidNa aho;g;ghz itgtkhiyapYs;s fPo;tUk; rpwg;Gg;ghapuk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfp;wJ.

cuuhrh; njhOfod; Nkf;fWh ndd;;NwhJ
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jpuuhr KiwfSe; Njh;e;jpaho;g; ghzj;jpd;
nra;kjpapy; thfdNts; nrg;gpdhNd.

gj;njhd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;by; Ntfkhfg;gutpa fpwpjt kjg; gpurhuj;jpdJk; mjw;Fg;; gpd;dzpahf mike;j Nkiyj;Nja fyhrhuj;jpdJk; jhf;fj;jpd; vjph; tpisthf <oehl;bd;; ghuk;ghpak; fyurhuk; Mfpatw;wpy; mf;fiw fhl;lg;gl;L mjd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ntspf;nfhzUk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. tlgFjpiag; nghWj;jkl;by; ,j;jifa fyhrhu kWkyh;;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lth; ey;iyefh; je;j MWKf ehtyuhth;. jkpo;r;rq;;;fk; mikj;Jj; jkpo; Ngzpa aho;g;ghz murpd; jiyefhpw;; gpwe;j xUth; ,g;gzpapy; Kd;dpd;wikahdJ jw;nrayhf Vw;gl;l tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpAky;;y ehtyhpd; ,j;jifa gzpiaj;njhlh;e;Nj njd;dpyq;ifapYk; mefhhpfh jh;kghyh Nghd;Nwhhpd; eltbf;iffs; mike;jd. ,t;thW Vw;lgl;l fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rp> my;yJ jdpj;Jtj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisj; Njly; vd;gjd; Xh; mq;fkhfNt tuyhW gw;wp vOJk; Kaw;rpfs; Muk;gkhfpd. ,k;Kaw;;rpf;F Mq;fpyf; fy;tpawpTk; cWJizahf mike;jJ.

,t;thW vOe;j tuyhw;W Ehy;fis %d;W gphpthfg; gphpf;fyhk;. KjyhtJ gphptpy; tuyhW vd;gJ ahnjd;Nwh md;wp mjpw; fl;Lf;fijfs>;; IjPfq;fs; vt;thW ,dq;fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh gFj;J MuhAk; jpwdw;wth;fshy; vOjg;gl;l Ehy;fs; mikAk;. ,tw;iw vOjpath;fs; ,j;Jiw gw;wp vt;tpj gapw;;rpAkw;wth;fshFk;. vdpDk; vg;NghJk; Muk;gk; ,t;thW miktJ tof;fk;. mf;fhyg;gpd;dzpapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,k;Kaw;rpfs; kjpf;fg;glNtz;baditNa. ,uz;lhtJ gphptpy; tuyhW gw;wpAk; rhd;Wfis ikakhf itj;J vt;thW tuyhW vOjg;;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ gw;wpAk; IjPfq;fis tuyhw;wpy; vt;thW gad;;gLj;jyhk; vd;gJ gw;wpAk; jkf;Ff; fpilj;j Mq;fpyf; fy;tpapdhw; gadile;j jf;f tuyhw;Wg;gapw;rpNah md;wpg; gy;;fiyf;fof thridNah ,y;yhj mwpQh;fshy; vOjg;gl;l Ehy;fs; mlq;Fk;. ,e;Ehy;fs; Kjy; tFg;igr; Nrh;e;j Ehy;fis tpl gd;klq;F rpwg;Giladthff; fhzg;gLk; mNj Neuj;jpy; gpw;fhy aho;g;ghz tuyhW gw;wpa Ma;TfSf;Ff; fhy;Nfhshf mike;jJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,th;fisj; njhlh;e;;J tuyhw;wpNy gl;lk; ngwhj rpyUk; Ehy;fis vOjpAs;sdh;. %d;whtJ gphptpy; tuyhw;wpaypNy gy;;;fiyf;fofg; gapw;rpAilNahuhy; vOjg;gl;l Ehy;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.